Insights & Analytics
Political Analytics
Data-driven insights from 75+ years of Indian democracy
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Lok Sabha Voter Turnout (1952–2024)
ECI dataPeak: 67.4% in 2019 · Lowest: 45.7% in 1952 · Average: 58.9%
BJP vs INC — Lok Sabha Seats (1984–2024)
BJP grew from 2 seats (1984) to 303 (2019). INC dropped from 415 (1984) to 44 (2014).
Regional Political Landscape
North India
5
NDA-led
3
Others
8 states with assemblies
South India
2
NDA-led
4
Others
6 states with assemblies
East India
3
NDA-led
1
Others
4 states with assemblies
West India
3
NDA-led
0
Others
3 states with assemblies
Central India
2
NDA-led
0
Others
2 states with assemblies
Northeast India
7
NDA-led
1
Others
8 states with assemblies
Women in Lok Sabha (%)
5%
'52
4%
'77
5%
'89
9%
'99
8%
'04
11%
'09
12%
'14
14%
'19
13%
'24
From 5% (1952) → 14% (2019). The Women's Reservation Act (2023) will reserve 33% once implemented.
Vote Share vs Seats Won — FPTP Distortion
In First-Past-the-Post, seat share systematically overshoots vote share. Faded bars = vote share; solid bars = seat share.
2014 · BJP
+20.9%
FPTP bonus
31% votes → 51.9% seats
2019 · BJP
+18.4%
FPTP bonus
37.4% votes → 55.8% seats
1984 · INC
+28.4%
FPTP bonus
48.1% votes → 76.5% seats
2009 · INC
+9.3%
FPTP bonus
28.6% votes → 37.9% seats
Source: ADR / MyNeta 2024 election affidavits filed with the Election Commission of India
46%
251 of 543 MPs have at least one criminal case
31%
170 MPs have serious cases (murder, attempt to murder, crimes against women)
DMK
59%
SP
57%
TDP
50%
INC
49%
TMC
45%
JDU
42%
BJP
39%
AAP
33%
Candidates self-declare criminal cases in ECI affidavits (Form 26).
ECI AffidavitsState-wise Political Stability Index
ECI Assembly dataBased on frequency of state assembly elections in the last 30 years. More elections = less political stability (mid-term polls, President's Rule, coalition collapses).
Most Stable States
1
Gujarat
BJP since 1995
3×
elections
2
Madhya Pradesh
BJP dominant
3×
elections
3
Himachal Pradesh
Alternating mandates
3×
elections
4
Tamil Nadu
Dravidian duopoly — broken by TVK in 2026
3×
elections
5
Karnataka
Regular alternation
3×
elections
Least Stable States
1
Uttar Pradesh
6+ elections since 1993
6+×
elections
2
Bihar
5+ elections since 1995
5+×
elections
3
Manipur
Frequent hung assemblies
4+×
elections
4
Jharkhand
Multiple mid-term polls
4+×
elections
5
Goa
Coalition instability
4+×
elections
Key Political Patterns
🔄
Anti-Incumbency
Only 3 of India's 36 states/UTs have had the same party win 3+ consecutive elections. Most CMs fail a third consecutive term — anti-incumbency is the dominant force in state elections.
📊
FPTP Distortion
BJP won 282 seats (51.9%) with just 31% vote share in 2014. INC won 415 seats (76.5%) with 48% vote share in 1984. First-Past-the-Post systematically amplifies majorities by 10–28 percentage points.
⚖️
Split Mandates
Delhi voters elected AAP to the Vidhan Sabha in 2020 (62/70 seats) but handed BJP a clean sweep in the 2019 Lok Sabha (7/7 seats), demonstrating sophisticated ticket-splitting at scale.
🏛️
Regional Resilience
TMC in WB, DMK in TN, CPIM in KL — regional parties outlast national wave elections in their strongholds. In 2014, while BJP swept the north, the south remained largely resistant to the wave.